A summary of a research article that appears at the beginning of the document. Reading the abstract may help you decide if you want to read the full article.
A note, comment, or explanation. Can be added to citations to create annotated bibliographies.
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Written content on a narrow subject and published in a periodical or website. In some contexts, academics may use article as a shortened form of journal article.
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A group of libraries in New England that work together to share resources with students, faculty, and staff of member libraries. Northeastern University is a member of this group. Requesting a consortium library card is free to Northeastern students.
A free library available to people who work, live or attend school in Massachusetts. Boston Public Library's collection includes physical and digital access to books, journals, and films.
A label of letters and/or numbers that tell you where the resource can be found in the library. Call numbers are displayed on print books and physical resources and correspond with a topic or subject area.
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Software that can help you collect, organize, and cite sources. The library provides training on five specific citation managers: BibTeX, EndNote, Mendeley, RefWorks, and Zotero. Also called citation management software, citation management tool or reference manager.
Physical materials assigned by an instructor and held at the library. These materials are generally restricted to in-building use for a limited period. At faculty discretion, some materials may be checked out overnight or for a few days.
A searchable collection of similar items. Library databases include resources for research. Examples include: a newspaper database, such as Access World News, or a humanities scholarly journal database, such as JSTOR.
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Northeastern University Library manages the Digital Repository Service (DRS). The DRS collects digital material related to Northeastern University's history and academic work.
The conversion of print or analog material to a digital format. Examples of digitization include:
A paper written to fulfill requirements for a degree containing original research on a narrow topic. Also called a thesis.
A unique number assigned to some digital content. DOIs do not change even if the online location or ownership of the resource changes.
A digital version of a thesis or dissertation produced by a master's or Ph.D. student. Most theses and dissertations written by Northeastern University students are ETDs. Interested researchers can find Northeastern ETDs in the Digital Repository Service. Theses and dissertations written before 2007 are only available in print format in the Northeastern University Archives.
A broad category of research in which existing research is reviewed to clarify what is known. Evidence synthesis uses explicit and reproducible methods. Common types of evidence synthesis include systematic reviews, scoping reviews, integrative reviews, and umbrella reviews.
A computer-based means of storing, analyzing, and displaying geographic data. Researchers use Geographic Information Systems to create maps and charts.
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Research or reports circulated outside of a traditional publication process. Types of grey literature include:
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The system Northeastern’s library uses for interlibrary loan requests. The first time you request materials, you’ll need to set up your account.
A library service that allows you to request resources your library does not have. At Northeastern University, this service is free. Materials are delivered electronically when possible.
A unique number used to identify books. Many databases and search engines allow you to search for a book using an ISBN.
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A unit of Northeastern’s library with responsibility for services or systems. Some departments are referred to by their acronyms:
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Notes, comments, annotations, sketches, added to the margins of a text. These can be typed or hand-written. Marginalia can include headers, footnotes, and sidenotes. In some cases, marginalia are written by the author of a text, but is often notes made by a reader.
Information associated with a resource, usually organized in a specific way. The word metadata means "data about data".
Metadata varies but often includes title, creator, and format. Descriptive metadata makes it possible to find and identify resources in a collection. When the metadata in a collection is standardized, the predefined structure is called a metadata schema.
Research or data available for free. Open access resources are sometimes labeled with an unlocked padlock symbol. These resources often have permissive licenses that support re-use and sharing.
What is Open Access?
Words used to connect multiple search terms to bring back targeted results. Operators can be used to reduce or expand the number of search results. Operators include:
Also called: Boolean Operator.
Well-regarded review process used by some academic journals. Relevant experts review articles for quality and originality before publication. Articles reviewed using this process are called peer reviewed articles. Less often, these articles are called refereed articles.
A newspaper, magazine or journal that is published on a regular schedule.
A free and open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) application. This tool set enables you to capture, analyze, visualize, and share geographic data. QGIS is a Mac-friendly alternative to ArcGIS.
Data defined by a grid of equally sized cells, akin to pixels.
To transfer information from one format to another. Example: Scanning a paper newspaper to create an online or PDF version. Reformatting includes digitization.
A webpage or pages created by librarians to guide your research in a field or course. Research guides include links to resources, tutorials, and other information.
The removal of a published article from a journal. A journal’s editors or editorial board can decide to retract an article when it has serious errors. Errors that can result in retraction include:
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Common filetype (.shp) for points, lines, or polygons. This filetype is widely used in Geographic Information Systems, specifically ArcGIS. Various free shapefiles are available online.
The 1873 stock market crash wiped out his savings, leaving him financially ruined. This final worldly failure allowed him to fully dedicate himself to his writing. He completed his magnum opus, and in perhaps the most chilling act of philosophical consistency in history, arranged for its publication. On April 1, 1876, shortly after receiving the first printed copies of The Philosophy of Redemption , the 34-year-old Mainländer hanged himself in his home in Offenbach.
Philipp Mainländer’s Philosophy of Redemption remains one of the most uncompromising works in the Western canon. It provides a unique bridge between 19th-century romanticism and 20th-century nihilism, influencing thinkers like Nietzsche and Cioran. By framing the universe as the slow decay of a divine suicide, Mainländer offers a terrifying yet strangely consistent vision of reality where the only true peace is found in the final, absolute silence of the void.
Philipp Mainländer ’s magnum opus, The Philosophy of Redemption (orig. Die Philosophie der Erlösung ), is often cited as the most radical system of pessimism in Western thought. While he remains less famous than his predecessor Arthur Schopenhauer or his successor Friedrich Nietzsche, Mainländer’s unique "metaphysics of entropy" provides a chillingly consistent worldview that bridges the gap between religious salvation and scientific atheism. The Core Premise: The Death of God as a Literal Event
The word "Redemption" ( Erlösung ) in Mainländer’s title carries a deeply specific meaning. It refers to the final, absolute cessation of being—the achievement of true nothingness. The Will to Die
Mainländer's system sought to reconcile religious truths with a scientific, atheistic framework: philipp mainlander philosophy of redemption pdf
Schopenhauer argued that the fundamental reality of the universe is a blind, non-rational, ever-hungering "Will to Live." Mainländer agreed that the Will drives the universe, but he asked a critical question: Where did this Will come from, and where is it going?
"Life is hell, and non-existence is heaven."
Mainländer argued that before the universe existed, there was a single, perfect, undifferentiated Unity—which we can call God. This God possessed absolute freedom. However, God faced a metaphysical paradox: perfect existence cannot change, improve, or experience anything new. The only action available to an omnipotent, solitary being wishing to exercise its freedom was to choose non-existence. 2. The Universe as a Decaying Corpse
While Nietzsche initially read Mainländer with a mix of fascination and horror, he later strove to create a philosophy of life-affirmation specifically to counter Mainländer's intoxicating pessimism. The 1873 stock market crash wiped out his
Unlike many pessimists who offer only despair, Mainländer viewed his philosophy as deeply comforting and redemptive. His work is explicitly titled a philosophy of redemption .
: Unlike traditional religions that offer eternal life, Mainländer’s "redemption" is the finality of death. He viewed the cessation of the world as a merciful end to the cycle of suffering. Influence and Legacy Though largely overshadowed by his contemporary Friedrich Nietzsche
Mainländer strongly advocated for voluntary celibacy. By refusing to reproduce, humans stop fragmenting the divine will into new, suffering bodies. Chaste living cuts off the chain of existence, accelerating the universe toward its final peace.
His finger hovered over the trackpad. The file size was 0 KB. It was empty. It was waiting for him to fill it. On April 1, 1876, shortly after receiving the
If you are searching for a digital copy or a "Philipp Mainländer Philosophy of Redemption PDF" for research purposes, consider the following avenues:
For students of philosophy, theology, and literary pessimism, finding a Philosophy of Redemption PDF or English translation is highly sought after, as Mainländer's work provides a crucial bridge between Schopenhauer’s cosmic will and Friedrich Nietzsche’s proclamation that "God is dead."
He argued that because the universe is born from a divine act of self-elimination, the underlying force driving all matter is not the Will to Life, but the ( Der Wille zum Tode ).
However, God could not simply transition from perfect being to absolute nothingness in a single moment. Perfect unity cannot instantly become zero. To achieve non-existence, God had to fragment Himself. The Birth of the Universe
Mainländer's philosophy of redemption has had a significant impact on various fields, including philosophy, psychology, and literature. His ideas have influenced thinkers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, and Martin Heidegger, among others.
Anderson, J.pdf Bates, L.pdf Carrol, M.pdf
Information tied to specific geographic locations or positions on the Earth's surface. Also known as “geospatial data”, GeoData, or spacial data.
Library staff who have expertise in an academic subject. A subject librarian can offer advice on:
Subject librarians are available to work with individuals and small groups. They create guides and tutorials and teach workshops.
A source focused on sharing news and information of interest to an industry. Trade publications are often published by industry associations. Periodicals related to an industry are called trade journals.
An unrepeated string of numbers and letters used to recognize and differentiate material. Also called an identification number. Examples include American citizen's’ social security numbers or published books' ISBNs. A persistent identifier (PID) is a long-lasting type of unique identifier. Persistent identifiers allow you to locate a resource with a URL. Examples include electronic articles' Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) and digital materials' handles.
The precise address for a webpage. URL stands for the words uniform resource locator.
A spatial model using coordinates for representing points, lines, and polygons.
A concise, researched report about a complex issue. Readers should gain enough understanding to solve a related problem or make a choice.
An article or conference proposal draft shared to invite feedback.